The protagonists' spiritual crisis is caused by various factors, including the hostile reality, the sense of alienation and marginality, the flaws in character, etc.
贝娄主人公的精神危机是由多种因素造成的,其中包括充满敌意的现实、异化感、边缘感、以及性格缺陷等。
It never lost entirely its original character as an insurgent movement, independent of the state and hostile to it, making claims that challenge the secular authority.
它从来没有失去充满,反抗精神的本原色,它独立于国家并与之格格不入,公然向世俗权威发起挑战
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