A completed and systematic acceptation could be investigated from three directions, that is, vertical association, horizontal association and cross association.
词义的完整系统性当从词义的纵向联系、横向联系、纵横交叉联系三个方向进行探讨。
Horizontal upgrading is essentially cluster governance upgrading process, enhancing the network association among cluster enterprises, and has larger scope economy and scale economy.
横向升级本质上是集群治理进一步升级的过程，增强集群企业之间的网络关联，取得更大的范围经济与规模经济。
Expand the Business scope, invigorate management, actively develop lateral (horizontal) economic association, and increase sources of goods to meet customers' needs.
开拓业务，搞活经营，积极开展横向经济联合，增加货源，满足需要。
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