It comes from the owner absence, unreasonable structure of shares holders, lack of role of directorate, weak controlling of the companies and outside supervising.

所有者缺位、股权结构不合理、董事会功能异化、公司控制权缺乏威胁和外部监督的弱势是内部人控制问题的成因。

youdao

In concentrated ownership structure, the control right held by controlling holders of listed companies may exceed their cash flow right, which leads to the deviation of the two rights.

在集中的股权结构下，上市公司控股股东享有的控制权可能超过其持有的现金流权，造成控制权和现金流权的“两权分离”。

youdao

Pump enterprises should fully emphasize their capital structure, give full play to enterprise assets and realize the maximization of the interests of their share holders.

提出了泵业企业必须充分重视本企业的资本结构，发挥企业资产的效能，实现股东利益最大化。

youdao

Effectively the VIE structure means that equity holders have a somewhat indirect financial interest in the revenue and earnings stream and do not actually have a claim on the assets of the company in question.

FORBES: Looking at Chinese VIE's

It offers governments and taxpayers more security and it reassures counterparties, depositors and debt-holders who are higher up the capital structure and who get a bigger buffer between them and losses.

ECONOMIST: Banks need equity, not hybrid capital

Although new efforts are underway in Western capitals to make bonds more readily rescheduable -- by such methods as a dramatic reduction in the percentage of bond holders who must agree to a change in the maturity structure -- it may be too late for Russia.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Center For Security Policy