大气输入物质尤其是铁的沉降控制着高营养盐低叶绿素（HNLC）地区的生物生产力。海洋中二甲基硫化物（DMS）的释放能够在大气中作为云凝聚核的前体，是影响全球气候的变化的重要因素。
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从十几家高硝酸盐低叶绿素（HNLC）水域的尺度铁富集的研究中累积的证据表明，，铁限制是广泛的，很可能影响到大气中的二氧化碳和全球气候。
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These areas are known as HNLC (high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll) zones and are thought to be caused by a scarcity of iron.
CNN: Topical waters
But it wasn't until the 1980's that the American oceanographer John Martin measured the iron content of the seawater in HNLC zones and found negligible amounts.
He argued that the sea gets it iron from dust swept into the sea from the land, and that wind currents weren't carrying iron to HNLC areas.
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