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the use of scientific techniques of literary criticism to establish the sources of the books of the Bible 高等批评(考证); 证实《圣经》各卷来源的科学的文学批评方法
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lower criticism
Shapiro says Wolfe was adapting methods used by adherents to what had become known as the Higher Criticism using historical analysis to determine the nature of another work considered part of the core of Western civilization, the Bible.
Shapiro says Wolfe was adapting methods used by adherents to what had become known as the Higher Criticism--using historical analysis to determine the exact nature of another work considered part of the core of Western civilization, the Bible.