Pre- and post-conditions and class invariants are not the only elements of contracts. There are also loop invariants and a few others, but pre- and post-conditions and class invariants are really the basic fabric of contracts. In my experience, relying on these notions—that is to say, making sure when you write software that don't just write the implementation, but also write the more abstract properties underlying the implementation in the form of contracts—provides a greatly added software development experience in several respects. It helps ensure correctness in the first place, helps debugging, helps testing, helps ensure inheritance is properly handled, helps managers, provides a quite effective form of documentation, and a few others.
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Helps managers on results 帮助管理人员进行结果导向的管理
Demand forecasting helps managers to use their resources effectively.
需求预测可以帮助管理者有效地使用资源。
Personal drive helps managers maintain their focus, motivate others, and get results.
个人能力有助于经理们维持他们的集中精神，激励他人，并获得成果。
It helps managers and management teams with efficient decision making with the following features: fast data processing, risk alarming and tendency prediction.
实现数据快速处理、风险预警、未来趋势预测、为领导和管理部门提供高效决策管理。
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