4 「哈瓦拉(Hawala),是一种在阿拉伯世界被广泛使用的地下银行交易网络,已经存在几百年。
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Hawala and Kuwait 哈瓦利和科威特
hawala system 拉体系
Solomon Hawala 哈瓦拉
hawala banking system 地下汇款系统
"terrorists make extensive use of hawala"
以上来源于: WordNet
America recently imposed sanctions on the main Hamas-owned bank, but the informal hawala banking system that straddles the border keeps the strip solvent.
美国近来制裁了哈马斯控制的主要银行,但横跨边境的非常规哈瓦拉体系保证了加沙地区的兑现能力。
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Mr. PATRICK JOST (Risk Global): Like any money transfer mechanism, hawala can be abused.
NPR: Town Backs Kurds Who Sent Money Back to Iraq
CEN, is trying to defend hawala, saying that it should be regulated but not pushed underground.
ECONOMIST: Money launderers keep a few steps ahead of academe
Remittances in hard currency funnelled through hawala (Islamic word-of-mouth banks) may have more to do with it.
ECONOMIST: Canny traders adapt to anarchy
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