Some hardware can bypass the main memory altogether and transmit data directly to another device.

某些硬件支持完全绕开内存，将数据直接传送给其他设备的特性。

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Hardware emulation can get you around problems you can't easily bypass otherwise.

硬件模拟可以解决使用其他方式难以解决的问题。

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An application cannot bypass the OS and access hardware resources directly. It is commonly said that applications run in user mode.

应用程序已经不可能绕过现代的操作系统直接访问硬件，一种更普遍的说法就是应用程序以用户态(user mode)运行。

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