Displacement of stress-resultants computation technique of semi-rigidly connected steel frames inclucing stiffness matrix method, hand calculation method has been proposed.
本文提出了半刚性连接钢框架位移和内力计算的刚度矩阵法，另外还提出了在水平荷载和竖直荷载作用下内力的简化计算方法。
The property data of crude oil and its fraction is the basic data in design of petroleum refining technology. In the past these data were obtained by hand calculation or consulting tables and charts.
石油及其馏分的物性数据是石油炼制工艺设计的基础数据，以往常常采用手工计算或查阅有关图表获得。
Hand calculation includes substitute rigid frame method under horizontal loads and moment distribution or decomposed storey method under vertical loads.
水平荷载作用下内力的计算用替代刚架法，竖直荷载作用下内力的计算可用弯矩分配法或分层法。
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