Only around half of consumer spending is taxed at the standard VAT rate of 20%, a low share compared with other rich countries.
只有大约一半的消费者支出按20%的标准增值税税率纳税，这一比例与其他富裕国家相比较低。
When VAT went up a year ago only about half of the increase was passed on to prices. This time virtually all of it is expected to go through to prices.
当一年前增值税增加的时候，只有大约一半转移到价格上，现在几乎全部的影响将转移到物价上。
Until now, the VAT paid by Sky's subscribers has been half the normal 20% rate, a tax break designed to promote an alternative to the existing "duopoly".
直到现在，天空电视的订购户上缴的增值税率也才只有20%正常税率的一半。税率优惠的原因是为了增加用户的选择余地，形成现在的双头垄断。
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