About half of all melanoma patients have a mutated BRAF gene. This mutation tells the cell to continue to grow.

将近半数的黑色素瘤患者都有BRAF基因突变，从而导致黑色素肿瘤细胞继续生长。

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In aggressive gliomas, extra copies of the EGFR gene are produced, and half of such tumors also carry an EGFR mutation, which ramps up tumor growth and portends a poor prognosis.

在侵袭性脑胶质瘤中，表皮生长因子受体基因拷贝数更高，而且一半的侵袭性脑胶质瘤伴有一个GEFR突变。这个突变增加了肿瘤的生长，伴随一个糟糕的预后效果。

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Ying-Hui Fu: When these people have this mutation, their sleep amount is less. Normal people need eight to eight-and-a-half hours of sleep. These people sleep five and a half to six.

傅颖慧：当这些人有这种基因变化时，他们的睡眠量较少。一般人需要八到八个半小时的睡眠，而这些人只需要睡五个半到六个小时。

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Vertex, by the way, estimates there are about 30, 000 patients worldwide with the mutation, which represents about half of the global pool of people with cystic fibrosis.

FORBES: Vertex Scores A Big Win With Its Cystic Fibrosis Experiment