The oblique sounding is one of the powerful tools, by which an oblique ionogram is obtained with the group path or time delay against operating frequency.
斜向探测是电离层探测的主要方式之一，它能够获得电波传播群时延和频率关系的电离图。
The sample rate, filter corner frequency, settling time, group delay and output word rate will be reduced also, as these are proportional to the external clock frequency.
由于采样速率、滤波器转折频率、建立时间、群延迟和输出字速率与外部时钟频率呈比例变化关系，因此这些参数也会相应降低。
The reflection spectrum, time delay, and group velocity dispersion (GVD) of the gratings are analyzed.
并对此种光栅的反射谱，时延及群速度色散进行了理论分析；
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