The ground state level and the excited state level of the dye were determined by using the cyclic voltammetry and the optical absorption spectroscopy.

结合循环伏安曲线图及五甲川菁的光吸收阈值，初步确定五甲川菁染料电子基态和激发态能级位置。

youdao

Where the kT is lower than, by far, than the first excited level. Everything's in the ground state.

到目前为止的kT都比第一激发态能级低，所有状态都在基态。

youdao

Being at an energy level higher than the ground state.

处于高于基态的能量级的。

youdao

So if we go to the ground state, what you see is we're at that lowest energy level, and we only have one possibility for an orbital, because when n equals 1, that's all we can do.

如果我们在基态上，你可以看到，我们在能量最低的态上，只有一种，可能的轨道，因为n等于1，只有这种可能。

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