So, if, for example, we were looking at a hydrogen atom in the case where we have the n equals 1 state, so the electron is in that ground state, the ionization energy, it makes sense, is going to be the difference between the ground state and the energy it takes to be a free electron.

电离氢原子所需要的能量,如果我们看n等于1的情况,电子在基态，那电离能，很合理的就是基态,和自由电子态的能量差。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Desperate to straddle the alleged middle ground between free markets and economic activity managed from the Commanding Heights, the authors make a muddle of a non-argument underlaid by a contradiction: government and business must team together to bring back manufacturing.

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As you're probably well aware, CES is ground zero for free stuff -- most of which is crappy swag.

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Just as the theological essays avoid predictable lamentations over the West's abandonment of God (at one point Kolakowski almost welcomed secularization on the ground that it might free the church to be what it is rather than what it thinks the world wants it to be), so in the book's final section, a diverse collection of 11 essays, Kolakowski's writing constantly upends expectations.

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