The paper also discussed the mechanism of grain damage and the causes of grinding force variations.

阐述了三种磨粒损伤产生的机理和磨削力变化的成因。

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From scanning electron microscope (SEM) and (AFM) atomic force microscope images, it is observed that both grain size and surface roughness are aggrandized greatly after annealing.

从扫描电子显微镜(sem)和原子力显微镜(afm)图像可以观察到，薄膜在退火后其晶粒尺寸和粗糙度都大大增加。

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In the compound process of ultrasonic vibration and grain machining, the discontinuous grinding mechanism caused by ultrasonic vibration is the main factor decreasing normal grinding force.

深入研究了超声振动和磨粒切削的复合过程，指出超声振动形成的断续磨削机制是降低法向磨削力的主要原因。

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Many livestock farmers are losing money feeding high-priced grain to their herds, which could force them to shrink the size of their operations.

WSJ: Grain Prices Soar as U.S. Slashes Outlook