Traditional methods of genetic improvement such as classical mutagenesis and conjugation can be applied to improve the quality of microbial cultures.

遗传改良的传统方法，如传统诱变和接合作用可用于提高微生物培养物的质量。

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For microbial strain with simple genetic background, outer space conditions can make microorganism change into a new type, which is valuable for space breeding research.

微生物是低等生物，遗传背景比较简单，一旦突变就会形成新的东西，这对航天育种研究有非常大的价值。

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An environmental remediation team could use qPCR to count the population of specific contaminant degrading microbes, or to assess the genetic biochemical pathways (e.g. microbial cellular machinery) that cause the degradation of environmental contaminants.

FORBES: Guest post written by Aaron Peacock