Among recent conflicts, only the Iran-Iraq war - featuring trench warfare and gas, and claiming up to a million lives between 1980 and 1988 - can even be usefully compared.

在近期的战争中，只有两伊战争能与之相提并论，因为战争中战壕战与毒气战的使用，1980至1988年间，有上百万人在战争中丧命。

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A colorless toxic gas with a pungent almond odor; has been used in chemical warfare.

一种无色有毒的气体，有刺激的杏仁味，已经被用于化学战中。

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The extent to which the behaviour of European wartime leaders between 1939 and 1945 was coloured by their personal experiences in the first world war can sometimes be overplayed did Hitler really avoid gas warfare because he himself had once been the victim of gassing?

ECONOMIST: 20th-century history

There were fearsome enough weapons before World War II, including poison gas and germ warfare.

NPR: Revisiting the Birth of the Bomb

There was, initially at least, much rejoicing among the guardsmen last year when the national defence panel, a group of experts with a mandate to review the country's military priorities, called for greater emphasis on countering poison gas or germ warfare attacks at home.

ECONOMIST: Anything useful to do, besides fighting the army?