Without support and advice from charities, formal organisation and reliable export channels, she says, moving upstream through "functional upgrading" is not feasible for most farmers.
如果没有慈善机构的支持和建议，没有正式的组织，没有可靠的出口渠道的话，通过“功能升级”向产业链上游上升对大多数农民是不切实际的。
There are four patterns of upgrading for local industries in terms of innovation points: process upgrading, product upgrading, functional upgrading, and inter-sectional upgrading.
产业升级有工艺流程升级、产品升级、功能性升级和跨产业升级四种模式；
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