After de-layering in this way, a company may be left with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public.

通过这种方式减少层级后，公司可能只剩下最高层管理人员、一线管理人员和与公众直接接触的员工。

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They serve as the strategic “knot” that binds top management with front-line managers.

他们是连接最高管理层与一线管理者的关键“结点”。

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By the time feedback filters down to front-line managers, it's often too backward-looking to be useful.

当反馈传达给一线管理者时，往往因为滞后而失去了作用。

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To get results, make sure you conduct the survey at least annually, hold front-line managers accountable for improvements to their scores, and insist that everyone be included in action planning.

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Lots of front-line managers know this.

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To date, the agency has granted access to secret-level classified information to 744 front-line supervisors, managers and behavior-detection officers.

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