In the terminology of science historian Thomas Kuhn, the reigning theory forms a self-reinforcing mindset called a paradigm that dictates what is fact and what is mere noise. From within the paradigm, anomalies are trivia, curiosities, illusions, or bad data. Research proposals endorsing the paradigm win grants, lab space, and degrees. Proposals operating outside the paradigm -- those dabbling in distracting trivia -- get nothing. The famous scientist who made his great revolutionary discovery while denied funds or credibility is so common it's become cliché; I've trotted out several of those cliché stories in this book. One example is the ignored work of scientists dabbling in ideas that contradict neodarwinian dogma.

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