Zircon starts off as molten magma, the hot lava from volcanoes.

锆石开始是熔融的岩浆，来自火山的热熔岩。

youdao

Some rocks from volcanoes break down to form black sand.

有些火山岩被撞碎后会形成黑色的沙。

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"We cannot stop carbon emissions because most of them come from volcanoes," he said.

“我们无法阻止二氧化碳排放，因为它们大多数来自火山喷发，”他说。

youdao

"That the closest thing to Mars-the stuff-is from volcanoes mostly."

VOA: special.2010.07.28

In many countries, clay was formed from volcanoes.

VOA: special.2009.09.14

The lava from Kilauea continues to add land to the island as the volcanoes of Hawaii have always done.

VOA: special.2010.09.08

There are natural ups and downs of this greenhouse gas, which comes from volcanoes and decomposing plants and animals.

NPR: Greenhouse Gas Milestone; CO2 Levels Set Record

Much of it resulted from volcanoes blasting out gases like carbon dioxide and water vapour, which allowed ice (also a mineral) to form near the poles of Earth, and possibly on Mars too.

ECONOMIST: Minerals

If the methane is produced by geological activity, it could either originate from active Martian volcanoes or from a process called serpentinisation.

BBC: Martian methane mystery deepens