Astoria USES frequency modulation motor, belt drive, to achieve a continuously variable.

道夫采用调频电机，齿形带传动，实现了无级变速。

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The automatic production system is computerized by the central computer and frequency modulation and motor speed change are made by front-end control CARDS.

基于计算机控制的楞纸板自动生产系统，以主控计算机为自动控制核心，通过前端控制卡，实现了对变频器进行调节，和对电动机调速。

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However, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) which was input from inverter is characterized by steep rising edge and high frequency, resulting in the too early failure of motor insulation.

然而，逆变器输出的PWM(脉冲宽度调制)连续高压脉冲的上升沿很陡、频率很高，导致在脉冲电压下牵引电机绝缘过早失效。

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