Designated as a protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna after Napoleon"s defeat, Monaco"s sovereignty was confirmed by the Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861.

拿破仑战败后，1815年的维也纳会议确立摩纳哥为撒丁王国的一个保护国，直到1861年的弗朗哥-摩纳哥条约签订，摩纳哥的主权才被确立。

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The second context is the Franco-Prussian War, which you can read about in Chip Sowerwine's book.

第二个背景是普法战争,详情你们能从奇普·苏尔万的书中读到

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

Whether or not you end up accepting Oakeshott's vision of a civilised, clubbable society as achievable or even attractive, Mr Franco's fine introduction shows, on the contrary, what a tough and wily thinker he was.

ECONOMIST: In their different ways, defenders both of an open society

It took Spain several years after Franco's death in 1975 to become a full-fledged democracy.

FORBES: Fact and Comment

Throughout the years of Franco's rule, Mr Cela maintained an ambiguous relationship with the regime.

ECONOMIST: Camilo Jos�� Cela