Without the past serving as a framework of reference, we would not know where we are heading for.

如果没有过去充当我们的参照系，我们就会浑然不知我们将去向何方。

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This paper takes two similar works by the Italian writer Eco as its framework of reference and tries to investigate into the "self-construction of the discourse producer."

本文以意大利学者艾柯的两部类似作品为参照，对这种“话语生产者的自我建构”予以考察；

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These can be taken both in Germany and abroad, and have been adapted to fit into the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEF), the standard for European language testing.

这些可以采取双方在德国和国外，并已适应融入欧洲共同框架的参考语言(基金)，该标准为欧洲语言测试。

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And Sarbanes-Oxley, thanks to an off-hand reference to requiring companies to deploy a security framework, has caused mountains of paper work and investment for publicly traded companies.

FORBES: Why Rockefeller-Snowe's Regulations Won't Prepare The U.S. For Cyberwar

The website will be in the framework of the Water and Cultural Diversity project and will offer a platform of cooperation and information dissemination, acting as a reference tool for promoting loans of collections and objects between museums on the one hand, and an exchange forum of museum professionals and education staff on the other.

UNESCO: CULTURE