The cost of this fracturing fluid is lower than clear fracturing fluids.

该压裂液的成本低于清洁压裂液。

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Viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluids are made of special cationic surfactant and brine in certain proportion.

粘弹性表面活性剂压裂液由特定的阳离子表面活性剂与盐水按一定比例复配而成。

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The primal problem in low temperature and shallow gas reservoirs is to overcome the break, the flowing back, and the damage of the fracturing fluids.

对埋藏浅、储层温度低的油气藏进行压裂改造，需要解决压裂液低温破胶、快速返排和伤害问题。

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However, the shale rock containing natural gas is separated from underground water aquifers by impermeable layers of rock that do not allow any hydraulic fracturing fluids to migrate into underground water aquifers.

FORBES: The Sierra Club Fails An Environmental Consistency Test

The assertion is that hydraulic fracturing fluids, which are injected at high speed and high pressure to create cracks in the shale rock that traps natural gas, will seep into underground water aquifers.

FORBES: The Sierra Club Fails An Environmental Consistency Test

There have been some minor instances of hydraulic fracturing fluids reaching non-drinking groundwater, but these occurred due to factors such as above-ground pipe leaks that have nothing to do with the hydraulic fracturing process itself.

FORBES: The Sierra Club Fails An Environmental Consistency Test