This apparent anomaly is partially explained by the fact that most founder mutations are recessive: only a person with copies of the affected gene from both parents becomes ill.

大多数明显的创始人突变都是隐性的，可以解释这种明显的异常现象：只有双亲都拥有受影响基因副本的人才会生病。

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Take Jonathan Rothberg, the 47-year-old founder of ion Torrent Systems, another 2011 tech Pioneer, which promises to put gene sequencing technology within reach of any lab or clinic.

再看看乔纳森·罗斯博格(Jonathan Rothberg)，是2011年另一个技术先锋Ion Torrent Systems公司47岁的创办人。该公司致力于将基因测序技术带到每一个实验室或诊所。

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As Jason Kelly, the co-founder of a gene-synthesis firm called Ginkgo BioWorks, observes, there is no equivalent of an electrical engineer's diagram to help unravel what is going on in a cell.

据银杏生物工作室，一个基因融合公司的联合创始人杰森·凯利观察，没有一张电子工程制图能够向人们揭示细胞内部发生的变化。

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Church, who started the Personal Genome Project and is founder of the gene-scanning company Knome, envisions a Wikipedia-style model for interpreting the genome, where experts (using their real namea) collaborate online to help people interpret their genome results.

FORBES: Do-It-Yourself Gene Testing Threatens Myriad's Monopoly

He cofounded the new firm with John Leach (also of Blue Martini as well as founder of Incite Retail) and Gene Davis ( worked at NASA, Blue Martini, ClioMusic, SeeSaw Networks, PeopleSoft and Red Pepper, all previous Zweben ventures, plus Fogbreak Software and Tealeaf technologies).

FORBES: Former NASA Researcher (And Billionaire) Jumps Back In The Startup Game

Among them is 27-year-old Mark Zuckerberg, a founder of Facebook, proof that America's giving gene has passed to the next generation.

ECONOMIST: The lessons of philanthropy: Giving for results | The