The iterative formula of measurement of optical lens decentration is deduced on the basis of self-collimation catoptric methods.
在介绍了反射式中心偏测量的基本原理的基础上，推导了中心偏测量的迭代公式。
This paper expounds the fundamental principles of vector voltage measurement using a sampling method, and deduces the calculating formula.
本文阐述了用取样技术测量矢量电压的基本原理，推导了计算公式。
A simplified formula of the gain measurement by the image method is derived according to the power transmissions equation. The effect of mismatch on the gain measurement is analysed.
本文依据功率传输方程，导出了在失配条件下镜像法测量增益的简化公式，分析了失配对增益测量的影响。
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