In this paper properties of AFE and influences of frequency bias are analyzed, and formula on estimated variance lower bound is derived, and condition which is required by the bound is got.

本文分析了自适应频率估计器的性能及频偏的影响，得出了自适应频率估计方差下限的公式及达到此下限的条件。

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Substituting the electric field distributions into the formula we ve induced, we got the trapped charge distribution inside the buried oxide during total irradiation under different bias states.

通过对载流子扩散机理的研究，由数学公式的推导，得到陷阱电荷分布随电场变化的函数关系。

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Returning Formula One chief Max Mosley said there was no bias against McLaren.

BBC: McLaren discover date for appeal