For example, he mentions a scientific paper that suggests that lichens, bacteria and the like may have been a driving force behind prehistoric geology and the formation of continents.

例如，他提到一篇科学论文中言及苔藓，细菌和其他类似的生物可能是史前地质情况和陆地形成的推动力。

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Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape, echelon or otherwise—expend less energy.

1914年，一位名叫卡尔▪维塞尔斯伯格的德国研究员发表了一篇具有重大意义的论文，科学家们从中得知，鸟类在飞行的时候排成V字、梯形或倒过来时，会节省体力。

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This paper tests for the presence of habit formation using urban household data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

本文利用“中国营养与健康调查”数据对中国城镇居民消费中的“习惯形成”效应进行了研究。

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