Theoretic guidance is necessary for the reliability and usability of the distributed systems, as well as the relevant formal developing methods and tools do.

为了保证分布式系统的可靠性与可用性，就需要有相应的理论指导，以及与之对应的严格的形式化开发方法和工具的支持。

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Some researchers introduced formal methods for analyzing cryptographic protocols, and achieved many significant results by building formal models and automatic verifying tools.

一些研究人员在密码协议分析中引入形式化方法，通过建立形式模型和自动检测工具分析密码协议的安全性，取得了较大的成功。

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This paper analyses and compares several main methods of formal specification for design patterns, from points of view of pattern definition, reuse mechanisms, available tools and usability.

文章从模式定义、重用机制、可用工具、方法可用性等角度分析比较了几种主要的设计模式形式化方法。

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