The distribution law of horizontal cross section area of ring forging and ring blank is put forward to describe the rolling formability of conical ring with inner steps.

对内台阶锥形环件轧制难度进行了分析，提出用环件锻件和轧制毛坯的水平横截面积分布规律来描述内台阶锥形环件的轧制难度。

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The cooling process of crankshaft blank before forging was simulated. The reliability of the simulation program was confirmed by comparison the change of simulated temperature with that of measured.

对曲轴坯料锻造前的冷却过程进行了模拟，研究了温度场的变化情况，通过与实测结果的比较，证明了模拟过程的可靠性。

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The forming defect of the bend forging and the influence of blank and die shape parameters are studied. All of these provide theoretical basis for practice.

分析了弯曲成形中出现的主要缺陷，提出了毛坯形状和尺寸、模具参数对成形质量的影响规律，为实际生产提供了理论依据。

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