The second chapter is mainly about composition of forgery and alteration of bill, introduces four composing elements of bill forgery and identifies three kinds of false signatures.

首先，介绍了票据伪造的四个构成要件，就三种票据签章方式：签名、盖章、签名加盖章如何认定伪造作了分析；

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Thus, it is very important to ascertain how to undertake the bill-forgery risk in view of legal validity of bill-forgery for relevant parties.

因此，在明确票据伪造对当事人法律效力的基础上，如何确定票据伪造风险承担规则至关重要。

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