Force ripple such as end force, slot force and normal force was key factor which affected the properties of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors (PMLSM).
由边端力、齿槽力及法向吸力引起的推力波动是影响永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)运动性能的主要因素。
参考来源 - 永磁直线同步电机推力波动优化及实验研究·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
Ripple on water results from pushing by outer force, such as wind or flow.
水面生波是因为风、水流等外物的推波助澜所造成的。
But in PMLSM, there are end effect, cogging force and ripple disturbance which confine its application as high accuracy numerical control machine.
但系统中存在端部效应、齿槽效应、纹波效应等推力波动，限制了其在高精度数控机床等要求高性能领域的应用。
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