Unmanaged travellers are typically sole traders of people working for small to medium sized companies who do not use a traditional bricks and mortar business travel agency.

一般来说，这些商务旅行者都是中小型企业的雇员，而这些企业也不会通过传统的“水泥+鼠标”旅行社来预订。

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The guidelines set a broadly similar starting point for fines imposed against sole traders or individuals.

BBC: Rubbish dumped by a sign that reads "No Dumping"