What are the four major alternatives for calculating cost-flow (flow of value from inventory to COGS)? How do these relate (if at all) to the physical flow of products sold?

计算成本流动（从存货到销售成本的价值流动）的四种主要方法是什麽？这些方法与销售的产品的实际流动之间有什麽联系？

youdao

So, they are selling widgets or whatever and making money-- the value of the company is the present value of that cash flow.

不管通过什么方式赚钱,即便卖小商品...,公司的价值等于现金流的现值

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And while new fields may come on stream, and much remains to be extracted, it's being done so with ever larger tax incentives, and it looks a much less reliable flow of volume and of value for the decades to come.

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Mathematically, the present value of EVA always is exactly the same as the net present value of cash flow.

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Net exports ebb and flow with the value of the dollar.

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