Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms.

大多数经济学家并不认为价格操纵会发生，因为他们认为这是由大公司之间的一系列明确协议所导致的。

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These economies employ intentional price-fixing, usually in an overt fashion.

这些经济体通常以公开的方式故意操纵价格。

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Formal price-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements covering the members of an industry are commonplace.

通过卡特尔进行的正式价格垄断，以及通过涵盖行业成员的协议进行的非正式价格垄断，都是司空见惯的。

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It only took four days for Amazon to take advantage of the ruling on the e-book price-fixing settlement.

FORBES: Cheaper E-Books Here Faster Than Expected: Amazon Begins Discounting HarperCollins E-Books

All the more reason, perhaps, to eschew old-fashioned price-fixing, and to move ahead with the more sensible among their recent proposals, such as cutting import tariffs and encouraging competition.

ECONOMIST: A mild relapse in Brazil

HarperCollins, one of the three publishers that settled with the Department of Justice over the e-book price-fixing case, is already seeing its title discounted below what they had been selling for by Amazon, the leading U.S. bookseller.

FORBES: Cheaper E-Books Here Faster Than Expected: Amazon Begins Discounting HarperCollins E-Books