The SDR was created in 1969, during the Bretton Woods fixed exchange-rate system, because of concerns that there was insufficient liquidity to support global economic activity.

SDR始创于1969年，当时正处于布雷顿森林固定汇率体系中。创立其目的是为了解决当时支持全球经济活动资金流动性不足的问题。

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The economic collapse, when inflows of capital halt, can be very painful - even more so if a fixed exchange rate (or currency union) demands a period of falling nominal wages and prices.

当资本流入停滞的时候，经济崩溃可能是非常痛苦的——如果固定汇率(或货币联盟)要求名义工资和价格在一定时期内下降，情况就更加糟糕。

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The thing that the authors put most emphasis on is the role of surplus countries in fixed exchange-rate schemes.

这两名作者强调最多的一点是顺差国家在固定汇率体制下能够发挥的作用。

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Fourth, the fantastic costs associated with the Vietnam War created huge inflationary pressures which drove down the value of USDs as compared with gold (even at the fixed rate of exchange).

FORBES: Our Fiat Dollar Has Cost the United States $80 Trillion

What the IMF was supposed to do was strictly this: provide loans to countries whose currencies were having trouble staying at a fixed rate of exchange to the dollar, so that that rate would be maintained.

FORBES: "You Americans Are Funny" -- You Start an IMF

Venezuela has a fixed official exchange rate of 2.15 to the dollar.

WSJ: Ch��vez Spurs Bank Fears