The answer is: fiscal deficits.

答案是：财政赤字。

youdao

Finally, soaring fiscal deficits favor gold.

最后，财政赤字飙升对黄金有利。

youdao

Fiscal deficits are huge and structural.

结构性金融赤字无比巨大。

youdao

He said massive fiscal deficits will constrain economic growth and job creation, increase inflationary risks, boost interest rates, and reduce private investment in productive enterprises.

VOA: standard.2010.04.21

We have two central imperatives: restore growth and create jobs, but make sure people understand we are going to have to bring those fiscal deficits down as growth recovers.

VOA: standard.2009.11.01

If he is confirmed by the Senate to the Cabinet-level post, Lew would inherit a deficit of more than $1 trillion for the first three-quarters of this fiscal year, with more deficits to come.

VOA: standard.2010.07.13

Governments and central banks have supported the recovery with huge fiscal deficits and near-zero interest rates.

ECONOMIST: Financial markets

So as well as fiscal deficits, Russia could face current account deficits unless oil keeps climbing.

FORBES: Russia and Oil: A Likely Source of Future Stability

Surely Tokyo knows it must confront huge fiscal deficits exacerbated by an aging population.

FORBES: Through the Looking Glass