The Welsh, like the Scots, fall into two groups: those--mostly sheep famers--from the mountainous regions of the centre and north; and those (two-thirds of the population) who live and work in the highly industrialized south where coal mining and steel manufacture are the main economic activities. At the beginning of this century, the South Wales coal fields were notorious for their low wages and appalling working and living conditions. But in 1946, the coal industry was nationalized; the mines were then modernized and conditions were improved. Today, the miners of South Wales are among the highest-paid workers in Britain.

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