The paper introduce the leakage influences factor of reciprocating rod seals; the roughness of the seal surface and the rod speed are the important parameter of seal leakage.

介绍了液压往复杆式密封是否发生泄漏的影响因素，指出密封表面粗糙度和杆速是决定密封是否泄漏的重要因素。

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By the testing we found the flexible artificial roughness rubber turns which simulated the wasted tires were the main factor which affect the roughness of the bottom which directed to vertical flow.

通过试验发现就环状橡胶圈（模拟废旧轮胎）这种柔性加糙体，垂直水流方向的投影面积是影响槽底糙率、水深和流速的主要因素。

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Roughness of rock joints is a major factor affecting mechanical properties of rock joints.

节理的粗糙性是影响节理力学性质的重要因素。

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"At this point we can't make too many firm conclusions, but we see changes at millennial to multi-millennial timescales, where the roughness increases by a factor of five, " explained Ryan Bay, a physicist at UC-Berkeley.

BBC: The dust loggers were sacrificed at the bottom of the holes