While the company is among the higher-cost operators in its gold extraction activities, its silver bi-product sales reduce the net cost to among the lowest in the industry.

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Anyone considering the use of MIW for natural gas extraction activities has the potential to incur long-term liability because just the act of moving contaminated water gives you total responsibility for it in the future.

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It has adjusted UK gross value added, a measure of economic output, to exclude energy extraction and use, and also financial and insurance activities.

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