Furthermore, by introducing lag variable, it reveals that the inertia characteristic of public expenditure is an even more important reason for its own change than national output.

而滞后变量的引入则进一步揭示出引致公共支出变化的原因，即相对于国民产出的影响，公共支出变化的惯性特征更为重要。

youdao

All three markets have about a 2-year lag between a major capital expenditure and its reaching full volume production.

FORBES: Why Semiconductors are Like Airlines & Shipping