In Type 3 situations, there are few alternatives, but the ability to switch without difficulty creates a threat that companies can use to negotiate concessions from existing suppliers.

在第三种情况下，几乎没有其他选择，但毫无困难地转换的能力造成了一种威胁，企业可以利用这种威胁与现有供应商谈判让步。

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This is seen as a threat to existing workers and makes many it departments hesitant to embrace the technology.

而这被看做是对现有员工的一种威胁，这使得很多IT部门不愿接受这种技术。

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The growing threat of competition is already forcing a change in existing banks’ behaviour: they have become more transparent about how they charge for overdrafts and other services, for example.

日益加剧的威胁已经迫使现有的银行作出改变：比如说，他们对于如何收取透支费用及其他服务费用的政策更为透明。

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Who better to tap than existing homeowners, under threat of fines and assessments?

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The pampered five existing insurers are not oblivious to the threat.

ECONOMIST: Premium market

Mr Winsor believes that the threat of legal sanctions against the existing operators is the best way to secure change.

ECONOMIST: Railways