The inversed polarization will disappear under a strong electric field and the single excited state of a polaron will dissociate into a polaron and a bipolaron.

在强电场下，反向极化消失，极化子单激发态解离为一个单极化子和一个双极化子态。

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The luminescence intensity is high and stable. Single quantum dots have longer excited state lifetimes, and they appear 10-20 times brighter than organic fluorescent dyes.

其荧光强度高而稳定，单一量子点表现出的荧光亮度和持续时间是普通有机荧光染料的10 ~ 20倍。

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Once that is done, another laser pulse will jostle the virus from its ground state into an excited state, just as a single atom is excited by moving one of its electrons from a lower to a higher orbital.

ECONOMIST: An old thought experiment may soon be realised