Thee Treaty requires economies to have achieved certain levels of performance on inflation, public deficits and debts, exchange rates and interest rates.

条约规定经济实体国家必须在通货膨胀，公共赤字及债务，汇率和利率方面具有一定水平的控制能力。

youdao

And even those with more flexible exchange rates worry that higher interest rates will send their currencies soaring.

甚至那些有着灵活的汇率制度的国家也担心，更高的利率会让他们的货币飙升。

youdao

Tumbling exchange rates raised the real burden of foreign-currency loans, forced policymakers to keep interest rates high and pushed up the fiscal costs of bank rescues.

汇率的巨幅下跌加重了以外币形式持有的债务，这使得政策制定者不得不维持高利率并增加银行救助计划的财政成本。

youdao

The new era is one in which governments are using floating exchange rates, near-zero interest rates and vast fiscal deficits to protect their economies.

ECONOMIST: A new economic era is dawning

Surges of dirty money can artificially inflate or deflate asset prices, making interest rates and exchange rates more volatile.

ECONOMIST: Cleaning up dirty money

If interest rates, exchange rates and fiscal transfers cannot be called on to deal with economic shocks, then wages and prices will have to do the job.

ECONOMIST: s for EMU | The Economist