Currency "manipulation" amounts to more than foreign-exchange intervention; China also has strict capital controls which, although leaky, keep private savings at home.

“操纵”人民币汇率不仅仅是干预外汇，中国也采取了严格的资本管制，以阻止私有储蓄外流，尽管这种管制也有漏洞。

youdao

The economy is probably in its fifth quarter of recession and the Royal bank of Canada thinks the New Zealand central bank may have to resort to foreign-exchange intervention.

该国的经济很可能处于进入衰退的第五个季度，加拿大皇家银行认为，新西兰央行逼不得已可能也会诉诸于外汇干预。

youdao

Although Japanese markets will be closed for holidays on two days next week, another round of foreign exchange intervention could still be forthcoming and will keep markets on edge.

尽管日本市场本周有两天适逢假期休市，但新一轮外汇干预仍有可能出现，这让市场保持戒慎。

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Foreign-exchange intervention to lower a currency is far more effective than intervention to support one.

ECONOMIST: The yen

And gold is also less liquid than foreign currency and so cannot easily be used for foreign-exchange intervention to defend a currency under attack.

ECONOMIST: Losing the Midas touch

Remarks by European Central Bank president, Wim Duisenberg, that foreign exchange intervention was a possibility, and that European growth remained robust failed to provide a strong boost.

BBC: Pound hits four-year low