By means of exchange expenditure theory, the author analyses various modes and points out their advantages and disadvantages respectively.

利用交易费用理论，笔者时每种模式进行了分析，并分别指出了其所存在的优缺点。

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It served as a necessary tool to sell goods, during which production, exchange and expenditure were greatly promoted.

它是推销商品不可缺少的工具，积极推动了当时的生产、交换和消费。

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This paper forecasts the future tendency of RMB exchange rate from the aspects of international revenue and expenditure and national economic situation.

文中从国际收支及国内经济形势分析两方面预测了人民币汇率未来的走势情况。

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In its latest World Economic Outlook, the IMF identifies four reasons: China's exchange rate, its terms of trade, global spending and China's own investment expenditure.

ECONOMIST: Exports

Some of this may be investors instead moving into exchange-traded products for gold exposure, but he also cited factors such as capital-expenditure over-runs in the industry.

FORBES: Rob McEwen Looks For Gold To Keep Rising As Nations Run Up Debt Levels