Researchers Michael Greenstone and Adam Looney estimate costs of a four-year college degree at $102, 000 and about $28, 000 for a two-year associate's degree.

研究员迈克尔•格林斯通和亚当•鲁尼估算，四年的大学本科学位要花费102,000美元，两年的专科学位要花约28,000美元。

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Training includes thermal and refrigeration theory, fluid flow dynamics, advanced refrigeration, solar and other alternative heating systems, as well as how to read blueprints and estimate costs.

训练的课程包括制热制冷原理、液体动态循环理论、高级制冷技术、太阳能等其他制热系统的学习，同时也要学习如何阅览设计图与损失评估等。

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But by the time you finish, you'll understand the physical laws that keep a building standing. You'll also know how to test materials, estimate costs, and evaluate mechanical and electrical systems.

完成学业后，学生就会明白让大楼屹立的物理定律，及如何测试材料，估计成本和测试机械和电气系统。

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"The bank will estimate its costs based on its fixed costs, variable costs, the cost of their employees, the rent and so on and so forth.

VOA: special.2009.12.11

All the rest results from changes in the scope of the program or the rules the government used to estimate costs.

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These include web apps from major shippers that can check for compliance and estimate costs, low-cost international calling plans and companies that offer global payroll services.

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They asked experts around the world to estimate the costs of conservation actions required to move them down the IUCN list of those at greatest threat.

BBC: Science & Environment