Firstly, the basic principles and the key techniques of access system is introduced, which includes modulation, error control, multi-address access, and embedded-system techniques.

文章首先详细介绍了接入系统的基本原理和关键技术，包括调制技术、差错控制技术、多址接入技术、嵌入式系统技术。

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Automatic repeat request (ARQ) schemes and transport control protocol (TCP) are often used as error-control techniques at the link layer and at the transport layer, respectively.

自动重传请求(ARQ)和传输控制协议(TCP)经常被分别用作链路层和传输层的错误控制机制。

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