...、字位、词汇、语法为特征的“自下而上模式”(bottom-up model)、认为阅读过程是意义重建过程的“自上而下模式”(up-down model)，以及集“自下而上模式” 与“自上而下模式”为一体的交流互补模式(interactive-compensatory model)。
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Down-up Model 自下而上模式
Discoveries made in one view may very well radiate out to affect artifacts within other views on the same model level; they may also flow both up and down model levels within the same viewpoint.
在一个视图中所进行的发现可能会很好地辐射开来，影响到同一模型级别的其它视图中的工件；它们也可能在相同的视点上流上和流下模型级别。
In addition to supporting a top-down model-driven approach, the solution approach enables a bottom-up approach for the development of new services.
除了支持自顶向下的模型驱动方法之外，此解决方案方法还允许采用自底向上方法来开发新的服务。
In defiance of Newton, this model is based on the notion that what goes up need not necessarily come down.
该模型基于上升不一定需下降理念，违反了牛顿的观点。
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